Using Simulated 3D Surface Fuelbeds and Terrestrial Laser Scan Data to Develop Inputs to Fire Behavior Models
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چکیده
Understanding fine-scale variability in understory fuels is increasingly important as physics-based fire behavior models drive needs for higher-resolution data. Describing fuelbeds 3Dly is critical in determining vertical and horizontal distributions of fuel elements and themass, especially in frequently burned pine ecosystems where fine-scale fuels arrangement drives fire intensity and resulting fire effects. Here, we describe research involving the use of highly resolved 3D models. We create fuelbeds using individual grass, litter, and pinecone models designed from field measurements. These fuel models are distributed throughout the fuelbed to replicate fuel distribution in rectified nadir photography taken for each plot. The simulated fuelbeds are converted into voxel arrays and biomass is estimated from calculated surface area between mesh vertices for each voxel. We compare field-based fuel depth and biomass with simulated estimates to demonstrate similarities and differences. Biomass distributions between simulated fuel beds and terrestrial laser scan data correlated well usingWeibull shape parameters (r = 0.86). Our findings indicate that integration of field, simulated, and terrestrial laser scanner data will improve characterization of fuel mass, type, and spatial allocations that are important inputs to physics-based fire behavior models. Résumé. La compréhension de la variabilité à petite échelle du sous-bois combustible est de plus en plus importante étant donné que les modèles de comportement du feu basés sur la physique motivent le besoin d’avoir des données de plus haute résolution. La description des couches de combustibles en 3 dimensions est essentielle pour déterminer les distributions verticales et horizontales des éléments combustibles et la masse, en particulier dans les écosystèmes de pin fréquemment brulés, où la structure des combustibles à fine échelle détermine l’intensité du feu et les effets résultants du feu. Nous décrivons ici une étude impliquant l’utilisation des modèles en 3 dimensions à haute résolution. Nous créons des couches de combustible utilisant des modèles individuels de l’herbe, de la litière et des pommes de pin conçus à partir de mesures sur le terrain. Ces modèles de combustible sont distribués dans toute la couche de combustible pour reproduire la distribution des combustibles dans l’imagerie au nadir rectifiée prise pour chaque parcelle. Les couches de combustible simulées sont converties en tableaux de voxels et la biomasse est estimée à partir de la surface calculée entre les sommets du maillage pour chaque voxel. Nous comparons la profondeur et la biomasse de combustible sur le terrain avec des estimations simulées pour démontrer les similarités et les différences. Les distributions de la biomasse entre les couches de combustible simulées et les données de balayage laser terrestre étaient bien corrélées en utilisant des paramètres de forme de Weibull (r = 0,86). Nos résultats indiquent que l’intégration des données de terrain, simulées et provenant du balayage laser terrestre permettra d’améliorer la caractérisation de la masse, du type et des distributions spatiales de combustible qui sont des intrants importants pour les modèles de comportement du feu basés sur la physique.
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تاریخ انتشار 2016